Arizona State University (ASU) BME100 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Midterm Practice Exam

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Bone marrow stem cells are cultured in a bioreactor with a scaffold for tracheal regenerationWhat is done with harvested bone marrow stem cells in tracheal regeneration?Causation and correlation: what it means for evidence in science and engineeringWhat is true about causation in relation to correlation?Exploring the Count of Neurotransmitters in Our BodiesApproximately how many different types of neurotransmitters exist?Exploring the Historical Significance of the First Liver TransplantWhat is the survival time for the first liver transplant patient?How much of the US GDP is dedicated to healthcare?What percentage of the US GDP is spent on healthcare?How scaffolding materials mimic the extracellular matrix to guide tissue growthHow do scaffolding materials mimic the extracellular matrix?Metals stand out in orthopedic applicationsWhich category of biomaterials is often used in orthopedic applications?Understanding Neural Stem Cells and Their Role in NeuroscienceWhat are progenitor cells that produce neurons and glial cells called?Understanding Syngenic Cells in Biomedical EngineeringWhat are syngenic cells?Understanding the Concerns Surrounding Medication Usage in the USWhat is a primary concern regarding medication usage in the US?Understanding the Differences Between Independent and Paired T TestsHow does an independent (unpaired) t test differ from a paired t test?Understanding the Essence of Disruptive TechnologyWhat defines a disruptive technology?Understanding the Impact of Anodal tDCS on Neural ExcitabilityWhat effect does anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have on neural excitability?Understanding the One-Tailed t Test in Biomedical ResearchWhat statistical test is used when you predict the direction of your experimental effect?Understanding the Role of Micro-Circulatory Beds in Tissue EngineeringWhat is the purpose of micro-circulatory beds in tissue engineering?Understanding the Role of Polymers in Biomedical EngineeringWhat is a common use of polymers in biomedical applications?Understanding the Role of Standard Error in Statistical AnalysisWhat does standard error describe in statistical analysis?Understanding the Significance of Cold Fusion in Scientific DiscourseIn what way is cold fusion significant in scientific discourse?Understanding the Sources of Embryonic Stem Cells in Biomedical EngineeringEmbryonic stem cells are derived from which of the following?Understanding the Volume of Prescriptions Written in the US Each YearHow many prescriptions are written per year in the US?Understanding What the Alternate Hypothesis Suggests in ResearchWhat does the alternate hypothesis suggest?Undifferentiated cells and their defining trait of symmetric divisionWhat is the defining characteristic of undifferentiated cells, such as stem cells?What defines validity in measurements and why it matters in biomedical engineeringWhich of the following characteristics defines validity?What You Should Know About Correlation and Causation in HealthcareWhat is a potential risk when inferring causation from correlation in healthcare?Why Inflammation is Key in Biomedical EngineeringWhat is one of the biological responses to biomaterials?Why Validity and Reliability Matter in Scientific ResearchIn scientific research, measurements must be both ___ and ___.
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  • What does publication bias refer to?
  • What famous example illustrates experimenter bias?
  • Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
  • What does standard deviation represent in a statistical sample?
  • What is the first step in muscle regeneration?
  • What type of study design is best suited to determine causation?
  • What is one of the approved uses for Vagal Nerve Stimulation?
  • What percentage increase is noted for the likelihood of sharing fake news?
  • How might confounding variables affect the interpretation of a correlation?
  • How long does synaptic transmission take on average in milliseconds?
  • What is a primary function of the extracellular matrix in tissue engineering?
  • What is a notable disadvantage of induced pluripotent stem cells?
  • What does "IP Position" refer to in a fundability context?
  • Which organism is known for its longevity and potential for immortality?
  • What best describes the purpose of using statistical tests in experiments?
  • What is considered the #1 idea killer in the context of fundability criteria?
  • Which organ presents unique challenges related to matrix implants and vascularization in tissue engineering?
  • How can we determine if groups differ statistically?
  • What percentage of the liver is capable of regeneration from a small portion?
  • Which of the following organisms is capable of reversing aging?
  • What statistical test should be used if 30 students run at different times of the day?
  • What advantage do ceramics provide as biomaterials?
  • What are adult stem cells important for?
  • What does Pearson's r correlation coefficient measure?
  • What conclusion can be drawn if the score is high enough in a statistical test?
  • What is the basic definition of tissue in biomedical engineering?
  • What is involved in the process of tissue engineering?
  • Apilgraf is primarily composed of which substances?
  • What does "correlation is not causation" imply in scientific research?
  • Descriptive statistics are primarily used to:
  • Data collection and interpretation should be conducted in a way that is:
  • How is tissue function evaluated before implantation in tissue engineering?
  • What does the process of explaining the unexplainable provide?
  • What is one of the key questions to consider when evaluating a problem's worth in biomedical engineering?
  • How many subjects are typically involved in the safety testing phase of obtaining FDA approval?
  • What does full thickness composite skin incorporate?
  • Which test is appropriate when you do not predict the direction of your experimental effect?
  • What belief drives individuals to accept ideas as true?
  • What method is commonly used to reprogram adult stem cells?
  • True or false: Assessing biological interactions in biomaterials is only necessary during initial testing.
  • What characteristic of oxygenated blood contributes to a good MRI signal?
  • In the context of scientific theories, which of the following statements is true?
  • What type of bond is primarily found in ceramic materials?
  • What aspect of medicine does the phrase "symptom rather than cause based" refer to?
  • In the context of FDA classification, what typically characterizes Class III devices?
  • What kind of effect does cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have on neural excitability?
  • Which of the following is considered a naturally occurring type of scaffolding?
  • Which category of biomaterials involves the use of alloys?
  • What type of cells make up the bladder regeneration matrix?
  • In what situation would a regulatory pathway be classified as "Exempt"?
  • What is the purpose of neuromodulation in the context of brain treatment?
  • Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 P's in the medical device industry?
  • How many medical device companies have fewer than 500 employees?
  • Deep brain stimulation is used to disrupt maladaptive activity in which type of circuits?
  • Inferential statistics allow researchers to:
  • What belief system is cited as having the greatest impact on human history?
  • How long did the first heart transplant patient survive?
  • What is the formula for comparing between group variance and within group variance?
  • What defines theories in a scientific context?
  • What type of studies are involved in preclinical testing for FDA approval?
  • What is the formula for standard deviation?
  • What process is involved in creating cardiomyocytes from stem cells?
  • What is the allure of numbers in scientific measurement?
  • Which process is associated with thrombosis in relation to biomaterials?
  • Which type of electrodes do Micro-electrode arrays (uEA) use?
  • What issue might arise with biomaterials outside their intended use?
  • In scientific terminology, what is a "theory"?
  • What characterizes 'technological push' in the healthcare industry?
  • What does the null hypothesis state?
  • What is the primary function of a dermal regeneration matrix?
  • What is an example of material degradation?
  • How many synapses are typically connected to each neuron?
  • What does a high t value indicate?
  • What type of data do experiments require?
  • In regenerative medicine, how are seeded systems characterized?
  • What is a common application of neuromodulation in medical treatment?
  • Which phase of the design process involves creating a chart of possible designs?
  • What regenerative ability is observed in planaria?
  • When engaging in spatial mental imagery for communication, what does a patient have to visualize?
  • What type of statistics is used to test hypotheses or make predictions?
  • What must be done after introducing DNA into a host organism in genetic engineering?
  • Which type of biomaterial is characterized by having directional covalent bonds?
  • Which process involves introducing foreign DNA into an organism's genome?
  • In statistics, standard deviation is defined as:
  • What is the average width of a synapse in nanometers?
  • What two elements are included in epithelial regeneration for wound healing?
  • Which type of stem cell undergoes asymmetrical division?
  • Which of the following principles is NOT part of the four principles of BME ethics?
  • What does motor mental imagery involve for a patient?
  • In a statistical analysis, what is generally necessary to establish a causative relationship?
  • Which statistical test is used for experiments with repeated measures?
  • Which type of biomaterial is best known for being difficult to sterilize?
  • Which factor is associated with 'clinical pull' in healthcare advancements?
  • According to Williams' 1987 definition, what is a biomaterial intended to do?
  • How much brain matter is estimated to be lost annually after the age of 25?
  • Which statistical test is typically used when comparing two separate groups?
  • Which statement best describes the action of starting a company in biomedical engineering?
  • During the tissue engineering process, when do blood vessels typically integrate into an implant?
  • What does reliability in measurement generally refer to?
  • What is a common application of biomaterials in the eye?
  • What does Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) primarily assess?
  • Which biomaterials application is associated with cardiovascular support?
  • What is the first step in the process of growing an organ for transplantation?
  • What is one method of transplanting neural stem cells?
  • What is the primary focus of eliding in the context of data analysis?
  • What does a p-value of less than 0.05 indicate?
  • What is the main goal of neuroprosthetics?
  • Which method can be used to potentially communicate with coma patients?
  • Which organ is noted for deteriorating at the slowest rate with age?
  • How many trillion cells does the human body contain?
  • What symbol is frequently used to denote the mean in statistics?
  • What differentiates a "fact" from other forms of information in a scientific context?
  • What is an example of a need created by technological push in healthcare?
  • What should be done after isolating the DNA strand in genetic engineering?
  • Which of the following best describes a positive correlation?
  • Which of the following is NOT a reason why 85% of ideas fail to reach market?
  • What is a common risk classification for X-ray machines by the FDA?
  • What is indicated by a negative correlation?
  • Which component is crucial for neurons in the motor cortex?
  • What potential applications does Vagal Nerve Stimulation have beyond its FDA approval?
  • Which of the following is most likely to be an enduring and unchanging truth in science?
  • What is the percentage of cardiovascular disease-related deaths in the US?
  • True or false: A biomaterial should NOT interact with the body.
  • Which of the following terms refers to the method of stimulating neurons in the brain for therapeutic purposes?
  • When considering research results, what should one infer if relationships are correlated?
  • In terms of correlation, what does it mean when two measures increase together?
  • Which scenario is an example of correlation without causation?
  • What is a significant challenge associated with organ printing?
  • What aspect does an entrepreneurial mindset prioritize according to the 3 C's?
  • What is cell culture primarily defined as?
  • How long did the recipient of the first lung transplant survive?
  • What does "Freedom to Operate" typically require in terms of legal precautions?
  • What is a key attribute of natural/biologically derived polymers?
  • Which of the following is NOT a mechanical property of biomaterials?
  • What rating indicates that "Patient outcomes are likely positive" in clinical feasibility?
  • What is the first phase of the design process?
  • What does recognizing that "correlation does not imply causation" professionally advise researchers to do?
  • What technique is used to communicate with coma patients through mental imagery?
  • Which of the following choices relates to measuring bias in a research output?
  • Which area of biomedical engineering focuses on designing artificial organs?
  • What is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) primarily used to treat?
  • Which one of the following is NOT part of the entrepreneurial mindset?
  • What is the average time for a 501(k) application with clinicals under the regulatory pathway?
  • What should researchers aim for in their measurement tools to ensure unbiased results?
  • A reliable measurement is one that:
  • Which of the following is an ethical lapse example in biomedical research?
  • Which biomaterial class is acknowledged for its ability to be tailored for specific properties?
  • Scientific explanations rely on which of the following components?
  • Which of the following is a consideration for site of implantation in biomaterials?
  • What is a key aspect of analyzing data in a scientific study?
  • What type of neurons do corticospinal pathways primarily involve?
  • What principle is represented by Occam's razor?
  • As the number of subjects increases, what must happen to the t value for reaching statistical significance?
  • What do neutrons and glial cells comprise?
  • Approximately what percentage of medical device companies have fewer than 50 employees?
  • What type of ethical issue is exemplified by the Tuskegee syphilis study?
  • What are the steps involved in the scientific process leading to a conclusion?
  • In which year was the first face transplant performed?
  • In device design, what is the iterative process starting point?
  • What is a key component of the kidney regeneration process?
  • Which of the following conditions is an example of a disorder that can arise in properly functioning brains breaking down over time?
  • What does a researcher mean if they claim that two variables are correlated?
  • What test is used to compare more than two groups?
  • What does the term "data" refer to in a scientific context?
  • Which statistical test is used when a single measure is taken from two groups of subjects?
  • If 20 students are divided into two groups of 10 to test the effect of red bull on running speed, what test is appropriate?
  • What is one of the main challenges faced when using embryonic stem cells?
  • What is one of the goals in creating a biomechanical environment in tissue engineering?
  • What mechanism do telomeres perform in relation to chromosomes?
  • What does a valid measurement ensure in research methodology?
  • What key principle should one remember when interpreting research findings involving correlation?
  • Statistical tests are primarily designed to reject which hypothesis?
  • In research, what is critical for establishing a reliable causal link?
  • Which of the following affects the quality and interpretation of scientific data?
  • What is the output of the transient electrical activity measured by an EEG?
  • Which of the following is NOT a required element for successful cell culture?
  • How many patients have been implanted with Vagal Nerve Stimulation devices?
  • Why is the distinction between correlation and causation important in biomedical engineering?
  • Which disadvantage is commonly associated with metals used in biomaterials?
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells are made by reprogramming what type of cells?
  • Which of the following theories was proven wrong related to spontaneous generation?
  • What is the approximate cost of healthcare in the US?
  • What term describes cells obtained from a donor other than the patient?
  • What is the primary purpose of harvesting stem cells in the reprogramming process?
  • How are stem cells administered in a cardiac injection procedure?
  • What is the primary aim of brain imaging?
  • Decellularized matrices are created by:
  • In terms of careers in biomedical engineering, what is true for working for existing companies?
  • Which of the following is a leading cause of liver dysfunction?
  • How is market size calculated according to the criteria provided?
  • What is a major challenge in tissue engineering?
  • In muscle regeneration, what is the scaffold treated with to encourage myogenesis?
  • What physiological change accompanies increased neuronal activity in an fMRI scan?
  • What type of blood is associated with a poor MRI signal?
  • What are the main reasons for engineering tissue?
  • Measures of central tendency include:
  • What component of scientific research provides a structure for understanding phenomena?
  • What problem do fewer than 100 people diagnosed with tracheal cancer typically face annually?
  • What is one limitation in current tissue engineering primarily affecting organ regeneration?
  • How many people are typically on the waiting list for kidney transplants?
  • Where are epithelial cells primarily located?
  • Which of the following is a biological interaction that can occur with biomaterials?
  • What is the purpose of brain stimulation in clinical settings?
  • How is "Technical Feasibility" rated in the given criteria?
  • What is a common mistake people make regarding data correlations?
  • What is a significant disadvantage of using polymers as biomaterials?
  • What is a common example of a psychological condition that can affect brain function?
  • Which of the following is a step in the strategy of tissue engineering?
  • What is one major consideration when evaluating biomaterials for implants?
  • What are autologous cells?
  • Which species can regenerate its tail?
  • Which neuroimaging technique evaluates electrical activity within the cortex?
  • What is the primary goal of tissue engineering?
  • What year was the first liver transplant performed?
  • What does statistical significance measure?
  • What does the phrase "causation requires correlation" indicate?
  • Which step is NOT part of the tissue engineering process?
  • What type of biological response involves infection and necrosis?
  • According to the criteria, what is indicated when the technical feasibility score is 0?
  • What is a major concern associated with using embryonic stem cells?
  • What describes the process of fouling in biomaterials?
  • In the context of healthcare, what does 'clinical pull' refer to?
  • What does a confidence interval represent in statistics?
  • What is the main concern with calcification in biomaterials?
  • What does Magnetoencephalography (MEG) primarily measure?
  • What term is used for the scientific consensus that requires minimal assumptions for its explanation?
  • Which step comes first in the Biomedical Engineering Product Design process?
  • From where are fetal stem cells typically harvested?
  • Which of the following best describes "data" in the scientific method?
  • Which of the following statements is associated with a sense of belonging?
  • Where are mesenchymal stem cells primarily found?
  • Which stem cell type is noted for being plentiful and easy to harvest for heart regeneration?
  • If 20 students run twice, once with music and then again without, what statistical test should be used?
  • What is the range of time for the De Novo regulatory pathway?
  • Which type of cells are derived from a different species?
  • Hematopoietic stem cells are responsible for the production of which types of cells?
  • Which characteristic of ceramics limits their use in biomaterials?
  • What kind of interpretation do theories rely on in the context of biomedical engineering?
  • What primary function does Vagal Nerve Stimulation serve?
  • What significant process is driven by physical exercise in muscle regeneration?
  • What effect does aging typically have on brain function according to the text?
  • Which of the following stem cell types carries a risk of causing tumors when used?
  • When testing hypotheses, what must be considered?
  • Which characteristic of measurement pertains to the question, "Are we measuring what we claim to be measuring?"
  • Which of the following is NOT a source of bias?
  • What is an example of a Class I FDA approval device?
  • In a normal curve, how are the mean, median, and mode related?
  • Who was Paul Broca and what was his significant claim?
  • What is a crucial distinction made in statistics regarding correlation?
  • In what year did the first heart transplant take place?
  • What is a necessary quality of a scientific fact?
  • What does an independent (unpaired) t test analyze?
  • Which imaging technique provides information on the structural morphology of the brain?
  • Which system contracts the bladder muscle when it is stretched?
  • Which of the following is NOT considered a branch of modern biomedical engineering?
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